These groups reacted in there own way to the problems that effected them. On 5 December 1837, a few hundred rebels exchanged gunfire with a smaller group of Loyalist militia on Yonge Street, Toronto. ( Log Out /  These parties got the majority of their support from canadiens. Rebellion in Upper Canada The insurgency in Lower Canada inspired Anglophone radicals in the neighbouring colony to take their own action against the Crown, although theirs would be a smaller, less deadly revolt. It is significant to note that no theory is generally accepted on the causes of these rebellions. The question driving this research is what caused the insurrections in Upper and Lower Canada during 1837 and 1838. Fill in your details below or click an icon to log in: You are commenting using your WordPress.com account. During these years, hundreds of armed citizens rose up against the government, protesting the injustices of the ruling elite, and demanding changes in the politics and economics of Imperial rule in British North America. Causes of the rebellion in Upper Canada -The rebellions led to the appointment of Lord Durham and the Durham Report -The source of the problems was the conflict between French and English. This proposal will give a broad view of political reality not dominated by a specific school of thought. In Upper Canada there were different reasons why the rebellions occurred. The ramifications of the Canadian insurrections during 1837 and 1838 would unite two nations and change the future of Canada forever. Issues involving Constitutional reform, foreign relations and trade were in the hands of the mother country. World History Forum. The time line of this proposal will include events prior to the actual rebellions as they are significant to the understanding of the causes of these uprisings. Government loyalists dispersed the rebels with a few shots, ending Mackenzie's erratic attempt to overthrow the colonial government. A governor in 1836 made sure a party that he favoured won the majority of the seats. From this inquiry came a list of recommendations submitted to the parliament in London (Outlett, 275). Start studying Rebellions of 1837-1838. Johnson argues the system was designed to create an upper class at the expense of the poor farmers (Franices, 290-291). The Rebellions of 1837 and 1838 in Upper and Lower Canada are remarkable episodes in Canadian history. More than 880 people were jailed on suspicion of treason. Many factors played a role in these rebellions including the agricultural crisis, rise of nationalism, desire for an independent state, the corrupt seigniorial system, an unresponsive government not willing to cooperate, as well role of individual personalities and class struggles. Scholars for Upper Canada such as Stanely Ryerson a Marxist support the idea that the rebellion was a bourgeoisie democratic revolution. For this reason some sources will be scholars from political science discipline. In one fight, 3 canadiens were shot by English soldiers. One of the outcomes from these rebellions was the restructuring of the Canadian Parliament. The political, economic, and social development between the ending of the ... goods. December 07, 1837 A group of wealthy English families called the “Family Compact” were appointed to hold power in the council. For more information about the Rebellions of 1837 and 1838, flip through this newspaper and you will find more about the rebellions. What Caused the rebellion in Upper Canada? These were the main reasons why the rebellions occurred. The uprisings left 98 rebels and 27 British soldiers dead. Nearly 100 rebels were also captured. Upper and Lower Canada were formed by the Constitutional Act of 1791 in response to the wave of United Empire Loyalists moving north from the United States into the French-speaking province of Quebec following the American Revolution (1765-1783) . -The French Canadians prevented the Assembly from granting money for projects, such as canals, which the English-speaking merchants wanted. This will be of extreme to significance to the reader as the aftermath of the rebellion would change the destiny of Canada. It was a classic example of a situation in which the class contradictions reached a point where an open confrontation had to breakout. A party called the “Reform Party” was seeking a more democratic government but they got most of its support from Americans, not Loyalists. A group of rich English merchants called the “Château Clique” were appointed by the British governor to hold power in the council, which meant the governor decided to always appoint members in this group to be in the council. Who’s behind it all? After learning of the uprisings in the Canadian colonies the British parliament sent a commission to study the causes. The reader will gain and understanding of the economic, political and racial discord during this time period and how these affected different levels of the social hierarchy. The English would gain a slight population majority which would be further reinforced by the arrival of new immigrants. The 1822 attempt to unite Upper and Lower Canada as a measure to have English speaking Canadians form a majority of the population in the Canadas. Multiple problems mixed with multiple classes caused for a range of reactions. Colin Read suggest multiple causes for the rebellion including individual family ties and loyalties, as well the rebels ignorance of the militia might. 1. The British believed the lesson of the American Revolution was to restrain the power of the people. He believed many farmers had American born parents who instilled a hatred for the British administration (Read 123). It is important to understand that different scholars defend different views on which causes actually attributed to the rebellion. Rebellion in Upper Canada (1837) Thread starter cvc121; Start date Nov 11, 2014; Tags 1837 canada rebellion upper; Home. Another cause for the rebellions was because there were 4 years of crop failures which ended up in starvations. The results of these rebellions are more black and white in comparison to establishing the causes (Coates, 284). Both rebellions were motivated by frustrations with political reform. The British were extremely fearful of the ideas sprung from Napoleon and the French revolution. After the War of 1812, there was growing discontent in Upper Canada with the elite clique of politicians and officials known as the Family Compact. This article left the nation powerless when the British denied the colonies access to West Indian markets. The crop failures affected Upper Canada greatly by 1837. In a T­chart, list reasons for United States intervention in the Boxer Rebellion. Liberal Nationalist scholars support the idea that the rebellion was an attempt to gain independence from Britain (Creighton 323). Historians from various schools of thought continually disagree on the factors of causation leading up to the rebellions. This resulted in small groups of well off men in each colony having a great deal of power. Originating in modern-day Quebec, (then called Lower Canada) this independence movement was sparked by a rebellion against the Crown by the “Parti patriote”, or Patriote Party and their followers from 1837 to 1838. In both Upper and Lower Canada, there were many struggles for power in the governor appointed council and the elected assembly. The insurgency fizzled in 1838 and Mackenzie spent years in exile in New York and in 1849 returned to Canada following a government pardon. The rebellions of 1837–38. Here you can order a professional work. These scholars all contribute a different angle to the insurrection in Lower Canada. Another cause for the rebellions was because there were 4 years of crop failures which ended up in starvations. There was also popular opposition to land-granting practices. This was followed by more looting and destruction of the countryside. The Rebellions of 1837/1838 in both Upper Canada and Lower Canada were attempts and attacks at their current government for various reasons. In Lower Canada, there were many reasons why the rebellions occurred. The thesis of this research is that a range of factors attributed to the rebellions in Canada, each conflict had various affects on different social groups. The most important aspect of this proposal deals with the aftermath of the Canadian insurrections. His temperament and conviction led him to the point where he not only advocated armed rebellion against the colonial government but led it. The French support of the colonials during the American Revolution was essential to their ultimate success in defeating the British troops and securing their future as an independent nation. What happened and what caused it to? The second recommendation was the Uniting of the Two Canadian colonies into one entity. Political Scientist Daniel Salee studied the revolutionary characteristics of the rebellion believed the patriots were a liberal bourgeois whose demands for economic reform and there denunciation of the corrupt seigniorial system won them the support of the habitants. The cause of the American patriots was not seeing much success against the British for a good long while after the start of the war. This policy would help combat the Dangerous idea of French nationalism, a common theme during this time period. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. In Upper Canada the leading elite know as the Family Compact had a stranglehold on the Executive Council which in turn held a profound influence on the colonies governor (Outlett, 271-272). Upper Canada Rebellion William Lyon Mackenzie was a fiery and vocal critic of the Upper Canadian system in the 1820's and 30's. Canada evolved into a nation during the 18th and 19th centuries. Also, beginning in 1820, the Parti canadien followed by the Parti patriote, both of which were seeking more democratic government, controlled the majority of the seats in the elected assembly. The research in this proposal primarily focuses on the rebellions that took place in both upper and Lower Canada during 1838. Mackenzie saw this as an opportunity to lead a rebellion of his own. The Podcast Episode They are the Upper Canada and Lower Canada Rebellions, which did… The two rebellions had similar causes. The radicals had practice and were ready for a rebellion … Another result was the idea of Responsible government and financial accountability. "In Upper Canada, popular discontent centred around the government's land policies, its attempts to encourage commercial and industrial development, and its favouritism toward the Church of … You must cite our web site as your source. In Upper Canada there were different reasons why the rebellions occurred. The Rebellions of 1837–1838 (French: Les rébellions de 1837), were two armed uprisings that took place in Lower and Upper Canada in 1837 and 1838. The “discovery” by Columbus of the New World in 1492 was followed by the establishments of European colonies with French initially in the north and down the Mississippi. In Upper Canada, 24 rebels were exiled to Australia, and two were hanged (Samuel Lount and Peter Matthews).The British government sent Lord … The Essay on British And French Before 1750 To The Native Americans, The Essay on The Growth Of A Nation Canada, CANADIAN POLITICAL PARTIES: The Four Political Parties of Canada, British, French, And Spanish Imperial Goals In North America, Political, Economic, And Social Development, Political Economic and Social Effects of Accounting Standards. It is difficult to pin point the exact reasons why each rebellion occurred and the roles that individual classes played. As a result of the rebellions, Britain sent Lord Durham to look into what really caused the rebellion. Lord Durham was named governor on May of 1839 and was in placed in charge of establishing an inquiry into the rebellions. These groups reacted in there own way to the problems that effected them. CHECK THESE SAMPLES OF To what Extent did the Rebellions of Upper and Lower Canada (1837) Lead to Canada's Responsible Government in 1867 Why Was the Provisional Government Overthrown in Russia Nicholas II didn’t have the political will, didn’t have the emperor’s charisma … This recommendation was a very significant part in Canadian history as it was the first time in Canadian history the British colonial government attempted to officially assimilate the French people (Bernard, 32). Bond Head tried to buy peace with the reformers by appointing two of them, Dr. Rolph and Robert Baldwin to the executive council. These policies favoured r… The research for this topic will primarily focus on articles written by historians from several schools of thought including Marxists, socialists, and nationalists. The economic crisis that dominated upper and Lower Canada also played a large part so commerce scholars will be included as well. The rebellions of 1837-1838 in Upper and Lower Canada constitute one of the most important episodes of this history. The Upper Canada Rebellion also ended quite unsuccessful. Three days later, there was a small confrontation in Brantford where the insurgents were also put down quickly. This is not an example of the work written by professional academic writers. They controlled the system of patronagethroughout the colony and used political office and influence to further their own business interests. Both Canada’s were besieged by conflicts not only in the political and economic spectrums, but more evidently in the division of there social classes. 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